Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amabhethri e-lithium-ion avele njengobuchwepheshe obubalulekile ekushintsheni emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo kanye nezimoto zikagesi (ama-EV). Isidingo esikhula njalo samabhethri asebenza kahle futhi angabizi kakhulu sikhuthaze intuthuko ebalulekile emkhakheni. Kulo nyaka, ochwepheshe babikezela izintuthuko eziningana ezingaguqula amakhono amabhethri e-lithium-ion.
Intuthuko ephawulekayo okufanele iqashelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-solid-state. Ngokungafani namabhethri e-lithium-ion endabuko asebenzisa ama-electrolyte aketshezi, amabhethri e-solid-state asebenzisa izinto eziqinile noma izinto zobumba njengama-electrolyte. Lokhu kusungulwa akugcini nje ngokwandisa ubuningi bamandla, okungenzeka kwandise ububanzi bama-EV, kodwa futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sokushaja futhi kuthuthukise ukuphepha ngokunciphisa ingozi yomlilo. Izinkampani ezivelele njenge-Quantumscape zigxile kumabhethri e-solid-state lithium-metal, zihlose ukuwahlanganisa ezimotweni kusukela ngo-2025[1].
Nakuba amabhethri e-solid-state ethembisa kakhulu, abacwaningi bahlola nezindlela zamakhemikhali ezihlukile zokubhekana nokukhathazeka mayelana nokutholakala kwezinto ezibalulekile zebhethri njenge-cobalt ne-lithium. Ukufuna izinketho ezishibhile nezizinzile kuyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhungo zemfundo kanye nezinkampani emhlabeni wonke zisebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwebhethri, ukwandisa umthamo, ukusheshisa isivinini sokushaja, kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza[1].
Imizamo yokwenza ngcono amabhethri e-lithium-ion idlulela ngale kwezimoto zikagesi. Lawa mabhethri athola izinhlelo zokusebenza ekugcineni ugesi ezingeni legridi, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okungcono kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ngezikhathi ezithile njengamandla elanga nawomoya. Ngokusebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion ukugcina igridi, ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo kuthuthukiswa kakhulu[1].
Empumelelweni yakamuva, ososayensi eLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory bathuthukise i-conductive polymer coating eyaziwa ngokuthi i-HOS-PFM. Le coating ivumela amabhethri e-lithium-ion ahlala isikhathi eside futhi anamandla kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi. I-HOS-PFM iqhuba ama-electron nama-ion ngesikhathi esisodwa, ithuthukisa ukuzinza kwebhethri, amazinga okushaja/okukhipha, kanye nokuphila kwesikhathi sonke. Iphinde isebenze njengesinamathelisi, okungenzeka yandise isikhathi sokuphila esimaphakathi samabhethri e-lithium-ion kusukela eminyakeni eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-coating ibonise ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu uma isetshenziswa kuma-electrode e-silicon ne-aluminium, inciphisa ukuwohloka kwawo futhi igcina amandla aphezulu ebhethri ngemijikelezo eminingi. Lokhu okutholakele kunesithembiso sokukhulisa kakhulu ubuningi bamandla amabhethri e-lithium-ion, okwenza abe athengeka kakhulu futhi atholakale kalula ezimotweni zikagesi[3].
Njengoba umhlaba uzama ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abangela ukushisa kanye nokushintshela esikhathini esizayo esizinzile, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bebhethri le-lithium-ion idlala indima ebalulekile. Imizamo yocwaningo nentuthuko eqhubekayo iqhubekisela phambili imboni, isisondeza ezixazululweni zebhethri ezisebenza kahle, ezingabizi, nezinobungani nemvelo. Ngokuthuthuka kwamabhethri aqinile, amakhemikhali ahlukile, kanye nezingubo ezifana ne-HOS-PFM, amathuba okusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla ezingeni legridi aya ngokuya engenzeka.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-25-2023
