Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amabhethri e-lithium-ion avele njengobuchwepheshe obubalulekile ekushintsheni emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo kanye nezimoto zikagesi (EVs).Isidingo esikhula njalo samabhethri asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi athengekayo sikhuthaze intuthuko ebalulekile kulo mkhakha.Kulo nyaka, ochwepheshe babikezela impumelelo eminingana engaguqula amandla amabhethri e-lithium-ion.
Enye intuthuko ephawulekayo okufanele uhlale uyibhekile ukwakhiwa kwamabhethri esimo esiqinile.Ngokungafani namabhethri e-lithium-ion endabuko asebenzisa ama-electrolyte awuketshezi, amabhethri esimo esiqinile asebenzisa izinto eziqinile noma izinto zobumba njengama-electrolyte.Lokhu okusha akugcini nje ngokukhuphula ukuminyana kwamandla, okungase kunwebe ububanzi bama-EV, kodwa futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sokushaja futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha ngokunciphisa ingozi yomlilo.Izinkampani ezivelele ezifana ne-Quantumscape zigxile kumabhethri e-lithium-metal e-solid state, zihlose ukuwahlanganisa ezimotweni ekuqaleni kuka-2025[1].
Nakuba amabhethri e-solid-state enesithembiso esikhulu, abacwaningi baphinde bahlole amanye amakhemikhali ukuze babhekane nokukhathazeka ngokutholakala kwezinto ezibalulekile zebhethri njenge-cobalt ne-lithium.Ukufuna izinketho ezishibhile, nezisimeme kakhudlwana kuyaqhubeka nokuqhuba ukuqanjwa okusha.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhungo zemfundo nezinkampani emhlabeni wonke zisebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwebhethri, ukwandisa umthamo, ukusheshisa isivinini sokushaja, nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza[1].
Imizamo yokuthuthukisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion idlulela ngale kwezimoto zikagesi.Lawa mabhethri athola izinhlelo zokusebenza endaweni yokugcina ugesi weleveli yegridi, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okungcono kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ngezikhathi ezithile njengamandla elanga nawomoya.Ngokusebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion ekugcineni igridi, ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo kuthuthukiswa kakhulu[1].
Empumelelweni yakamuva, ososayensi eLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory benze i-polymer coating eyaziwa ngokuthi i-HOS-PFM.Lokhu kunamathela kunika amandla amabhethri e-lithium-ion ahlala isikhathi eside, anamandla kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi.I-HOS-PFM ngesikhathi esisodwa iqhuba kokubili ama-electron nama-ion, ithuthukisa ukuqina kwebhethri, amanani wokushaja/wokukhipha, kanye nokuphila kwakho konke.Iphinde isebenze njengento enamathelayo, engase inwebe ukuphila okumaphakathi kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ukusuka eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kweyi-15.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunamathela kubonise ukusebenza okukhethekile lapho kusetshenziswa ku-silicon nama-electrode e-aluminium, kunciphisa ukuwohloka kwawo nokugcina umthamo webhethri ophezulu emijikelezweni eminingi.Lokhu okutholakele kubambe isithembiso sokukhulisa kakhulu ukuminyana kwamandla amabhethri e-lithium-ion, okuwenza angabizi kakhulu futhi afinyeleleke ezimotweni zikagesi[3].
Njengoba umhlaba ulwela ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kanye nokuguqukela ekusaseni elisimeme, intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lithium-ion idlala indima ebalulekile.Imizamo eqhubekayo yocwaningo nentuthuko iqhubezela imboni phambili, isisondeza ezisombululweni zamabhethri ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezithengekayo, nezinobungani nemvelo.Ngokuthuthuka kwamabhethri esifunda esiqinile, amanye amakhemikhali, kanye nezingubo zokumboza ezifana ne-HOS-PFM, amathuba okwamukelwa kabanzi kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla egridi kuya ngokuya kuba nokwenzeka.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-25-2023