Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bateri za lithium-ion zagaragaye nk'ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi mu mpinduka zigana ku ngufu zishobora kuvugururwa n'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EVs). Gukenera bateri zikora neza kandi zihendutse byateje imbere iterambere rikomeye muri uru rwego. Muri uyu mwaka, impuguke zihanura ibintu byinshi bishobora guhindura ubushobozi bwa bateri za lithium-ion.
Imwe mu ntambwe igaragara yo kwitabwaho ni iterambere rya bateri za solid-state. Bitandukanye na bateri za lithium-ion zisanzwe zikoresha electrolytes zirimo amazi, bateri za solid-state zikoresha ibikoresho bikomeye cyangwa ibumba nk'amashanyarazi. Iri shyashya ntiryongera gusa ubucucike bw'ingufu, rishobora kongera ingano ya EV, ahubwo rinagabanya igihe cyo gusharija no kunoza umutekano binyuze mu kugabanya ibyago byo gushya. Ibigo bikomeye nka Quantumscape biri kwibanda kuri bateri za solid-state lithium-metal, bigamije kuzishyira mu modoka mu ntangiriro za 2025 [1].
Nubwo bateri za solid-state zifite icyizere gikomeye, abashakashatsi barimo kandi gushakisha ubundi buhanga mu bya chimie kugira ngo bakemure impungenge ku bijyanye no kuboneka kw'ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya bateri nka cobalt na lithium. Gushaka amahitamo ahendutse kandi arambye bikomeje gutuma habaho udushya. Byongeye kandi, ibigo by'amashuri makuru n'amasosiyete ku isi yose birimo gukorana umwete kugira ngo byongere imikorere ya bateri, byongere ubushobozi, byihutishe umuvuduko wo gusharija, kandi bigabanye ikiguzi cyo gukora [1].
Imbaraga zo kunoza bateri za lithiamu-ion zirenze imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Izi bateri zirimo gukoreshwa mu kubika amashanyarazi ku rwego rwa grid, bigatuma habaho guhuza neza amasoko y'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa mu buryo buhoraho nk'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba n'iz'umuyaga. Mu gukoresha bateri za lithiamu-ion mu kubika grid, gutuza no kwizerana kwa sisitemu z'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa birushaho kunozwa [1].
Mu buvumbuzi buherutse gukorwa, abahanga mu bya siyansi bo muri Laboratwari y’Igihugu ya Lawrence Berkeley bakoze irangi rya polymer rizwi nka HOS-PFM. Iri barangi rituma bateri za lithium-ion ziramba kandi zikomeye cyane ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. HOS-PFM ikora icyarimwe electron na iyones, yongera ubushobozi bwa bateri, charge/slag, ndetse n’igihe cyose cyo kubaho. Rinakora nk'ubukorikori, rishobora kongera igihe cy’ubuzima bwa bateri za lithium-ion kuva ku myaka 10 kugeza kuri 15. Byongeye kandi, iri barangi ryagaragaje imikorere idasanzwe iyo rikoreshejwe kuri electrode za silikoni na aluminiyumu, rigabanya kwangirika kwaryo no kugumana ubushobozi bwa bateri nyinshi mu ngendo nyinshi. Ibi byavumbuwe bitanga icyizere cyo kongera cyane ubucucike bw’ingufu za bateri za lithium-ion, bigatuma zihendutse kandi ziboneka ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi [3].
Mu gihe isi iharanira kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no kwerekeza ku hazaza harambye, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya bateri ya lithiamu-ion rigira uruhare runini. Ubushakashatsi n'iterambere bikomeje gutera inganda imbere, bitwegereza ibisubizo bya bateri binoze, bihendutse kandi bitangiza ibidukikije. Hamwe n'iterambere ririmo gukorwa mu bateri zikomeye, ubundi buhanga mu bya chimie, n'imyambaro nka HOS-PFM, amahirwe yo gukoresha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi no kubika ingufu ku rwego rw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ararushaho gushoboka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 25 Nyakanga-2023
