I ngā tau tata nei, kua puta ake ngā pākahiko lithium-ion hei hangarau nui i roto i te whakawhiti ki ngā pūtake pūngao hou me ngā waka hiko (EV). Ko te piki haere tonu o te hiahia mō ngā pākahiko whai hua me te utu tika kua akiaki i ngā whanaketanga nui i roto i te mara. I tēnei tau, e matapaetia ana e ngā tohunga he maha ngā putanga hou ka taea te huri i ngā kaha o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion.
Ko tētahi whanaketanga nui hei aro turuki ko te whanaketanga o ngā pākahiko totoka-āhua. Kāore i rite ki ngā pākahiko lithium-ion tuku iho e whakamahi ana i ngā irahiko wai, ka whakamahia e ngā pākahiko totoka ngā rauemi totoka, ngā uku rānei hei irahiko. Ehara i te mea ka whakanui ake tēnei auahatanga i te kiato pūngao, ka whakawhānui ake pea i te whānuitanga o ngā EV, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te wā utu me te whakapai ake i te haumaru mā te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te ahi. Kei te arotahi ngā kamupene rongonui pērā i a Quantumscape ki ngā pākahiko lithium-metara totoka-āhua, me te whai kia whakauruhia ki roto i ngā waka i te tau 2025 [1].
Ahakoa he nui ngā tūmanako mō ngā pākahiko totoka, kei te tūhuratia hoki e ngā kairangahau ngā matū rerekē hei whakatika i ngā āwangawanga mō te wātea o ngā rauemi pākahiko matua pērā i te cobalt me te lithium. Kei te akiaki tonu te rapu i ngā kōwhiringa iti ake te utu, pumau ake i te auahatanga. Hei tāpiri, kei te mahi kaha ngā whare wānanga me ngā kamupene puta noa i te ao ki te whakarei ake i te mahi pākahiko, te whakanui ake i te kaha, te whakateretere i ngā tere utu, me te whakaiti i ngā utu hanga [1].
Ko ngā mahi hei whakapai ake i ngā pākahiko lithium-ion kei tua atu i ngā waka hiko. Kei te kitea ngā tono o ēnei pākahiko ki te rokiroki hiko taumata-pūnaha, e āhei ai te whakauru pai ake i ngā pūtake hiko whakahou ā-wā pēnei i te pūngao rā me te hau. Mā te whakamahi i ngā pākahiko lithium-ion mō te rokiroki pūnaha, ka tino pai ake te pumau me te pono o ngā pūnaha pūngao whakahou [1].
I roto i tētahi putanga hou, kua whakawhanakehia e ngā kaipūtaiao i te Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory tētahi paninga pūmua kawe hiko e mōhiotia ana ko te HOS-PFM. Mā tēnei paninga ka roa ake te mau, ka kaha ake hoki ngā pākahiko lithium-ion mō ngā waka hiko. Ka kawe tahi te HOS-PFM i ngā irahiko me ngā iona, ka whakarei ake i te pumau o te pākahiko, ngā tere utu/tuku, me te roanga o te ora. Ka mahi anō hoki hei piripiri, ka roa ake pea te roanga o te ora o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion mai i te 10 ki te 15 tau. Hei tāpiri, kua whakaatuhia e te paninga he mahi tino pai ina whakamahia ki ngā irahiko silicon me te konumohe, ka whakaiti i tō rātou pirau me te pupuri i te kaha pākahiko teitei i roto i ngā huringa maha. Kei roto i ēnei kitenga te oati ki te whakanui ake i te kiato pūngao o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion, ka iti ake te utu me te wātea mō ngā waka hiko [3].
I te whai a te ao ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi me te neke ki tētahi heke mai tauwhiro, he mea nui te whanaketanga o te hangarau pākahiko lithium-ion. Ko ngā mahi rangahau me te whanaketanga tonu kei te akiaki i te umanga ki mua, e whakatata atu ana ki ngā otinga pākahiko whai hua, utu tika, me te hoa taiao. Nā ngā putanga hou o ngā pākahiko totoka, ngā matū rerekē, me ngā paninga pēnei i te HOS-PFM, ka piki haere te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga whānui o ngā waka hiko me te rokiroki pūngao taumata whatunga.
Wā tuku: Hurae-25-2023
