M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mabatire a lithiamu-ion akhala ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri pakusintha kwa magwero a mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa komanso magalimoto amagetsi (EVs). Kufunika kwa mabatire ogwira ntchito bwino komanso otsika mtengo kwalimbikitsa chitukuko chachikulu m'munda. Chaka chino, akatswiri akulosera zinthu zingapo zomwe zingasinthe mphamvu za mabatire a lithiamu-ion.
Kupita patsogolo kodziwika bwino komwe kumafunika kuyang'aniridwa ndi kupanga mabatire olimba. Mosiyana ndi mabatire achikhalidwe a lithiamu-ion omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma electrolyte amadzimadzi, mabatire olimba amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolimba kapena zoumba ngati ma electrolyte. Kapangidwe kameneka sikungowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, komwe kungawonjezere kuchuluka kwa ma EV, komanso kumachepetsa nthawi yochaja ndikuwonjezera chitetezo pochepetsa chiopsezo cha moto. Makampani otchuka monga Quantumscape akuyang'ana kwambiri mabatire olimba a lithiamu-metal, cholinga chawo ndikuwaphatikiza m'magalimoto kuyambira mu 2025[1].
Ngakhale mabatire olimba ali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu, ofufuza akufufuzanso njira zina zamankhwala kuti athetse nkhawa zokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa zipangizo zofunika kwambiri za mabatire monga cobalt ndi lithiamu. Kufunafuna njira zotsika mtengo komanso zokhazikika kukupitilizabe kuyambitsa zatsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, mabungwe ophunzira ndi makampani padziko lonse lapansi akugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti awonjezere magwiridwe antchito a mabatire, kuwonjezera mphamvu, kufulumizitsa liwiro la chaji, ndikuchepetsa ndalama zopangira [1].
Kuyesetsa kukonza mabatire a lithiamu-ion kumapitirira magalimoto amagetsi. Mabatirewa akupeza ntchito posungira magetsi pa gridi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale kuphatikizana kwabwino kwa magetsi obwezerezedwanso nthawi ndi nthawi monga mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu-ion posungira magetsi, kukhazikika ndi kudalirika kwa machitidwe amagetsi obwezerezedwanso kumawonjezeka kwambiri [1].
Posachedwapa, asayansi ku Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory apanga chophimba cha polima chotchedwa HOS-PFM. Chophimbachi chimalola mabatire a lithiamu-ion kukhala amphamvu komanso okhalitsa kwa magalimoto amagetsi. HOS-PFM imagwiritsa ntchito ma elekitironi ndi ma ayoni nthawi imodzi, kukulitsa kukhazikika kwa batire, kuchuluka kwa chaji/kutulutsa mphamvu, komanso moyo wonse. Imagwiranso ntchito ngati guluu, zomwe zitha kukulitsa moyo wapakati wa mabatire a lithiamu-ion kuyambira zaka 10 mpaka 15. Kuphatikiza apo, chophimbachi chawonetsa magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri chikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma electrode a silicon ndi aluminiyamu, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwawo ndikusunga mphamvu zambiri za batire nthawi zambiri. Zomwe zapezekazi zikutsimikizira kuti mabatire a lithiamu-ion adzawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magalimoto amagetsi akhale otsika mtengo komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito [3].
Pamene dziko lapansi likuyesetsa kuchepetsa mpweya woipa womwe umatulutsa kutentha kwa dziko komanso kusintha kupita ku tsogolo lokhazikika, kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wa mabatire a lithiamu-ion kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri. Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chomwe chikuchitika chikuyendetsa makampaniwa patsogolo, kutibweretsa pafupi ndi mayankho ogwira mtima, otsika mtengo, komanso osawononga chilengedwe. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa mabatire olimba, mankhwala ena, ndi zokutira monga HOS-PFM, kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi ambiri komanso kusungira mphamvu zamagetsi pamlingo wa gridi kukukulirakulira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-25-2023
