Ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi bikenewe mu kubika ingufu, umutekano ni wo w'ingenzi cyane
Kubika ingufu zikomoka ku mashanyarazi bifatwa nk'uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kubika ingufu mu buryo bw'ingufu mu gihe kizaza, bateri na PCS ni imbogamizi zikomeye mu ruhererekane rw'inganda, igikenewe cyane kiri mu mutekano mwinshi, kuramba no ku giciro gito. Muri byo, umutekano ni ingenzi. Bamwe mu bahanga mu nganda bavuze ko ubu uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rubika ingufu zikomoka ku mashanyarazi ruri gutera imbere vuba, ariko ikibazo cy'umutekano ni imbogamizi y'iterambere ryarwo rinini, uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rubika ingufu rwa Beijing n'umushinga wo kubika ingufu wa Tesla Australia wo guturika, ndetse no ku nganda zibika ingufu, byatangaje ko hari ikibazo gikomeye.
Muri urwo rwego, Ibitekerezo by’Ubuyobozi ku kwihutisha iterambere ry’ububiko bushya bw’ingufu bishyira imbere ishyirwaho ry’amahame ngenderwaho y’ikoranabuhanga mu mutekano n’uburyo bwo gucunga, gushimangira imicungire y’umutekano w’inkongi z’umuriro, kubahiriza neza ingingo y’ingenzi y’umutekano nk’ihame ry’ibanze; mu mutekano mwinshi, ku giciro gito, kwizerwa cyane, kuramba n’ibindi bice by’iterambere rirambye; gushimangira umutekano w’ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu z’amashanyarazi n’ibindi. Komisiyo y’Igihugu Ishinzwe Iterambere n’Ivugurura, Inama y’Igihugu ishinzwe Ingufu kugira ngo itegure umushinga w’"Ingamba z’agateganyo zo gucunga neza sitasiyo zo kubika ingufu z’amashanyarazi (Draft)", na yo ku ya 24 Kanama yagiriye abaturage inama, kugira ngo yongere imbaraga mu gucunga umutekano w’ububiko bw’ingufu.
Umutekano mwinshi, igihe kirekire, agaciro ka bateri ya nickel-metal hydride
Amakuru y’Ishyirahamwe ry’Inganda z’Abashinwa mu by’Amashanyarazi agaragaza ko amashanyarazi ya hydride ya nickel-metal afite umutekano mwinshi, amara igihe kirekire, electrode yayo nziza ikozwe mu duce twa nickel, electrode mbi ikoreshwa ishyigikiwe n’icyuma gikingira hydrogen, igize ibikoresho bidahindagurika, electrolyte y’amazi ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kudatwika umuriro, ntishobora guturika no gutwika impanuka, ubucucike bw’ingufu za monomer ya bateri bugera kuri 140wh/kg; igihe cyo kuzenguruka kigera kuri 3.000, igihe cyo gushyushya no gusohora umuriro kigera ku nshuro 10.000 cyangwa zirenga; ishobora gukoreshwa inshuro zirenga 10.000; ishobora gukoreshwa inshuro zirenga 10.000. Inshuro zirenga 10.000; ishobora kugumana igipimo cyo gushyushya no gusohora umuriro mu bidukikije -40°C ~ 60°C. Ibiciro byagurishijwe ku isi bya Toyota HEV byageze kuri miliyoni zirenga 18, kandi bifite bateri za hydride ya nickel-metal, nta na hamwe habayeho impanuka zo gutwika bateri, umutekano wa bateri wemejwe neza.
Byongeye kandi, gusharija no gusohora batiri ni uguhindura ingufu za shimi n'amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere ya shimi. Ibigo by'amashanyarazi byo kubika ingufu ahanini biri hanze, ubwoko bwinshi bwa batiri bugirwaho ingaruka n'ibidukikije n'ubushyuhe, bigabanyiriza aho ibigo by'amashanyarazi biherereye kandi bigagabanya uruhare rw'ububiko bw'ingufu. Bateri za hydride za nikeli-metal mu bushyuhe buke cyane n'ubushyuhe bwinshi zishyushya neza kandi zisohora neza, ku buryo aho ikigo cy'amashanyarazi kibika ingufu horoshye, byoroshye, kandi bikora neza muri rusange, byahindutse uruhare rwabyo mu irushanwa ry'inzira zitandukanye z'ikoranabuhanga rya batiri "plus points".
Mu by’ukuri, bateri za hydride za nickel-metal mu ikoreshwa ry’isoko ry’ingufu zabaye icyitegererezo. 2020, ikigo gishinzwe kubika ingufu za bateri za hydride za nickel-metal Nilar cyashowemo na Banki y’Ishoramari y’Uburayi ku gishoro cya miliyoni 47 z’amayero. Birumvikana ko Nilar yibanda ku guhuza no kubika ingufu zisubira, gukoresha ingufu zihoraho no gukoresha amashanyarazi, ishoramari ni ukugira ngo ikigo gishobore kwinjizwa muri bateri mu miturire, mu bucuruzi no mu nganda ndetse no mu isoko ry’ibikorwa remezo. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Frontiers in Polymer Science kibitangaza, itsinda rya Porofeseri Yi Cui muri Kaminuza ya Stanford ryakoze bateri ya hydride ya nickel-metal (Ni-MH) kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zisubira no mu bubiko ku rwego runini, hamwe n’inyungu zo kumara igihe kirekire, nta ngaruka z’umuriro cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije, nta mpamvu yo kuyibungabunga buri gihe, imyitwarire myiza mu bushyuhe buke, kandi ihendutse. Itsinda rya Cui rizubaka igikoresho cy’igerageza gifite ubushobozi bwo kubika megawati 2 mu 2021, kandi riteganya kongera ubushobozi bwacyo kugeza ku nshuro 20 z’ayo mafaranga bitarenze 20 mu 2022.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-24-2023
