Ukuqhathaniswa kokusebenza phakathi kwamabhethri e-Carbon-Zinc namabhethri e-Alkaline

Esikhathini sanamuhla esiqhutshwa amandla, amabhethri, njengezingxenye eziyinhloko zemithombo yamandla aphathwayo, asetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni ezihlukahlukene zikagesi. Amabhethri e-carbon-zinc namabhethri e-alkaline, njengezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamabhethri omile, ngalinye linezici eziyingqayizivele zobuchwepheshe nokusebenza. Lesi sihloko sizokwenza ukuqhathanisa okujulile kokusebenza kwezinhlobo ezimbili zamabhethri, futhi sinikeze ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe nokuhumusha kwesiNgisi kwamapharamitha abalulekile wezobuchwepheshe, okuvumela abafundi ukuba baqonde ngokugcwele umehluko wabo kanye nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza.

I. Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zamabhethri

(1) Amabhethri eCarbon-Zinc

Amabhethri e-carbon-zinc asebenzisa i-manganese dioxide njenge-electrode enhle, i-zinc njenge-electrode engalungile, kanye nesisombululo esinamanzi se-ammonium chloride noma i-zinc chloride njenge-electrolyte. Isimiso sabo sokusebenza sisekelwe ekuphenduleni kwe-redox. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa, i-zinc ku-electrode engalungile ibhekana nokusabela kwe-oxidation futhi ilahlekelwa ama-electron. Lawa ma-electron ageleza kumjikelezo wangaphandle aye ku-electrode eqondile, lapho i-manganese dioxide ithola ukusabela kokunciphisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukufuduka kwama-ion kusixazululo se-electrolyte kugcina ibhalansi yokushaja.

(2) Amabhethri ane-alkaline

Amabhethri e-alkaline aphinde asebenzise i-zinc njenge-electrode eyi-negative kanye ne-manganese dioxide njenge-electrode enhle, kodwa asebenzisa isixazululo esinamanzi se-potassium hydroxide njenge-alkaline electrolyte. Indawo ye-alkaline ishintsha izinga lokusabela kanye nendlela yokusabela kwamakhemikhali angaphakathi ebhethri. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-carbon-zinc, ukusabela kwe-redox kumabhethri e-alkaline kusebenza kahle kakhulu, okuwenza akwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokuphuma kwamandla okuzinze futhi okuhlala njalo.

II. Ukuqhathanisa Ukusebenza

(1) Amandla kagesi

Amandla kagesi e-carbon-zinc ngokuvamile angu-1.5V. Uma ibhethri elisha liqala ukusetshenziswa, amandla ogesi angangempela angaba phezulu kancane, azungeze i-1.6V - 1.7V. Njengoba ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kuqhubeka ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, i-voltage iyancipha kancane kancane. Lapho i-voltage yehla ifinyelela cishe ku-0.9V, ibhethri empeleni liyaphela futhi ngeke lisakwazi ukunikeza amandla asebenzayo kumadivayisi amaningi.

Amandla kagesi e-alkaline okuzisholo wona nawo angu-1.5V, kanti amandla kagesi okuqala ebhethri elisha nawo acishe abe ngu-1.6V – 1.7V. Kodwa-ke, inzuzo yamabhethri e-alkaline iwukuthi phakathi nayo yonke inqubo yokukhipha, i-voltage yabo yehla kancane kancane. Ngisho nangemva kokuthi amandla angaphezu kuka-80% asetshenzisiwe, i-voltage isengahlala ingaphezulu kwe-1.2V, inikeze ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla okuzinzile kumadivayisi.

(2) Amandla

Umthamo webhethri uvame ukukalwa ngamahora angu-milliampere (mAh), okumelela inani lokushajwa kukagesi ibhethri elingakwazi ukulikhulula. Umthamo wamabhethri e-carbon-zinc uphansi kakhulu. Amandla amabhethri e-carbon-zinc avamile alingana no-AA ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-500mAh – 800mAh. Lokhu kungenxa yezimpawu zezinto zabo ze-electrolyte kanye ne-electrode, ezikhawulela inani eliphelele lezinto ezihilelekile ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali nokusebenza kahle kokusabela.

Umthamo wamabhethri e-alkaline uphakeme kakhulu kunalawo amabhethri e-carbon-zinc. Umthamo wamabhethri e-alkaline angange-AA angafinyelela ku-2000mAh – 3000mAh. I-alkaline electrolyte ayithuthukisi kuphela umsebenzi wezinto zikagesi kodwa futhi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-ionic, ivumela amabhethri e-alkaline ukuthi agcine futhi akhulule amandla kagesi engeziwe, awenze afanelekele amadivayisi asebenzisa amandla amaningi.

(3) Ukumelana Kwangaphakathi

Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kuyipharamitha ebalulekile yokulinganisa ukuzilahlekela kwebhethri phakathi nenqubo yokukhipha. Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwamabhethri e-carbon-zinc kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, cishe ku-0.1Ω – 0.3Ω. Ukumelana okuphezulu kwangaphakathi kuzoholela ekwehleni kwe-voltage enkulu ngaphakathi kwebhethri ngesikhathi sokuphuma okuphezulu kwamanje, okubangela ukulahleka kwamandla. Ngakho-ke, amabhethri e-carbon-zinc awafanele amadivayisi adinga ukunikezwa kwamandla aphezulu.

Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwamabhethri e-alkaline kuphansi, cishe ku-0.05Ω – 0.1Ω. Isici esiphansi sokumelana nangaphakathi senza amabhethri e-alkaline agcine amandla kagesi aphezulu ngesikhathi sokukhishwa okuphezulu kwamanje, okunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla. Afaneleka kakhulu ukushayela imishini enamandla amakhulu njengamakhamera edijithali namathoyizi kagesi.

(4) Ukuphila Kwenkonzo

Impilo yesevisi yamabhethri e-carbon-zinc imfushane. Ngemuva kokugcinwa ekamelweni lokushisa cishe iminyaka engu-1 - 2, kuzoba nokwehla okukhulu kwamandla. Noma ingasetshenziswa, ukuzikhipha ngokwakho kwenzeka. Ezimweni ezishisa kakhulu nezinomswakama ophezulu, amabhethri e-carbon-zinc angase abe nezinkinga zokuvuza, onakalise amadivaysi.

Amabhethri ane-alkaline aneshalofu lesikhathi eside futhi angagcinwa ekamelweni lokushisa iminyaka engu-5 - 10 ngezinga eliphansi lokuzikhipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idizayini yesakhiwo nezici ze-electrolyte zamabhethri e-alkaline ziwenza amelane kakhulu nokuvuza, anikeze ukusekela kwamandla okude futhi okuzinzile kumadivayisi.

(5) Izindleko kanye Nokuvikelwa Kwemvelo

Izindleko zokukhiqiza amabhethri e-carbon-zinc ziphansi, futhi intengo yawo yemakethe nayo iphansi kakhulu. Afanele amadivayisi alula anezidingo zamandla aphansi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingazweli kakhulu, njengezilawuli kude namawashi. Kodwa-ke, amabhethri e-carbon-zinc aqukethe izinsimbi ezinzima njenge-mercury. Uma zingalahlwanga kahle ngemva kokulahlwa, zizobangela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.

Izindleko zokukhiqiza amabhethri e-alkaline ziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi intengo yawo yokuthengisa nayo ibiza kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, amabhethri e-alkaline awanayo i-mercury futhi anobungani nemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yomthamo wabo ophezulu kanye nempilo ende yesevisi, izindleko zeyunithi ngayinye yamandla kagesi zingase zibe ngaphansi kunamabhethri e-carbon-zinc ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi eside, okubenza bafaneleke kakhulu kumadivayisi asebenzisa amandla aphezulu.

III. Ithebula lokuqhathanisa lamapharamitha obuchwepheshe

IV. Isiphetho

Amabhethri e-carbon-zinc namabhethri e-alkaline ngalinye linezinzuzo zalo kanye nokubi ngokusebenza kwalo. Amabhethri e-carbon-zinc anezindleko eziphansi kodwa anomthamo omncane, impilo yesevisi emfushane, nokumelana okuphezulu kwangaphakathi. Nakuba amabhethri e-alkaline ebiza kakhulu, anezinzuzo zomthamo omkhulu, impilo yesevisi ende, ukumelana okuphansi kwangaphakathi, kanye nobungane obukhulu bemvelo. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo, abasebenzisi kufanele bakhethe ngokunengqondo uhlobo olufanele lwebhethri ngokuya ngezidingo zamandla emishini, imvamisa yokusetshenziswa, kanye nezindleko nezici zokuvikela imvelo ukuze bathole umphumela wokusetshenziswa ongcono kakhulu nezinzuzo zezomnotho.