Uthelekiso lweNtsebenzo phakathi kweeBhetri zeCarbon-Zinc kunye neeBhetri zeAlkaline

Kule mihla siqhutywa ngamandla, iibhetri, njengezona zinto ziphambili zemithombo yamandla ephathekayo, zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki. Iibhetri ze-carbon-zinc kunye neebhetri ze-alkaline, njengezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zeebhetri ezomileyo, nganye ineempawu zobugcisa kunye nokusebenza kwayo okwahlukileyo. Eli nqaku liza kwenza uthelekiso olunzulu lokusebenza kweentlobo ezimbini zeebhetri, kwaye libonelele ngohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha kunye noguqulelo lwesiNgesi lweeparameter zobugcisa eziphambili, okuvumela abafundi ukuba baqonde ngokupheleleyo umahluko wabo kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa.

I. Imigaqo esisiseko yeebhetri

(1) Iibhetri zeCarbon-Zinc

Iibhetri zeCarbon-zinc zisebenzisa i-manganese dioxide njenge-electrode elungileyo, i-zinc njenge-electrode engalunganga, kunye nesisombululo samanzi se-ammonium chloride okanye i-zinc chloride njenge-electrolyte. Umgaqo wazo wokusebenza usekelwe kwiimpendulo ze-redox. Ngexesha lokukhupha, i-zinc kwi-electrode engalunganga idlula kwi-oxidation reaction kwaye ilahlekelwe zii-electron. Ezi electron zihamba ngesekethe yangaphandle ukuya kwi-electrode elungileyo, apho i-manganese dioxide idlula kwi-reduction reaction. Kwangaxeshanye, ukufuduka kwee-ions kwisisombululo se-electrolyte kugcina ibhalansi yetshaja.

(2) Iibhetri zeAlkaline

Iibhetri ze-alkaline zikwasebenzisa i-zinc njenge-electrode engalunganga kunye ne-manganese dioxide njenge-electrode echanekileyo, kodwa zisebenzisa isisombululo samanzi se-potassium hydroxide njenge-electrolyte ye-alkaline. Imekobume ye-alkaline itshintsha izinga lokuphendula kunye nendlela yokusabela kwamakhemikhali angaphakathi ebhetri. Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-carbon-zinc, iimpendulo ze-redox kwiibhetri ze-alkaline zisebenza kakuhle, nto leyo ebenza bakwazi ukubonelela ngombane ozinzileyo nohlala ixesha elide.

II. Uthelekiso loMsebenzi

(1) I-Voltage

I-voltage eqhelekileyo yeebhetri ze-carbon-zinc idla ngokuba yi-1.5V. Xa kusetyenziswa ibhetri entsha okokuqala, i-voltage yokwenyani inokuba phezulu kancinci, malunga ne-1.6V - 1.7V. Njengoko i-chemical reaction iqhubeka ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, i-voltage iyancipha kancinci. Xa i-voltage yehla iye kwi-0.9V, ibhetri iphela kwaye ayisakwazi ukubonelela ngamandla asebenzayo kwizixhobo ezininzi.

I-voltage eqhelekileyo yeebhetri ze-alkaline nayo yi-1.5V, kwaye i-voltage yokuqala yebhetri entsha nayo imalunga ne-1.6V - 1.7V. Nangona kunjalo, inzuzo yeebhetri ze-alkaline ikukuba ngexesha lonke lenkqubo yokukhupha, i-voltage yazo yehla kancinci kancinci. Kwanasemva kokuba amandla angaphezu kwama-80% esetyenzisiweyo, i-voltage isenokuhlala ingaphezulu kwe-1.2V, nto leyo enika umbane ozinzileyo ngakumbi kwizixhobo.

(2) Umthamo

Umthamo webhetri udla ngokulinganiswa ngee-milliampere-hours (mAh), nto leyo emele ubungakanani betshaja yombane enokukhutshelwa yibhetri. Umthamo weebhetri ze-carbon-zinc uphantsi kakhulu. Umthamo weebhetri ze-carbon-zinc eziqhelekileyo ezinobukhulu be-AA ngokubanzi uphakathi kwe-500mAh - 800mAh. Oku kungenxa yeempawu zezixhobo zazo ze-electrolyte kunye ne-electrode, ezithintela inani lilonke lezinto ezibandakanyekayo kwimpendulo yamakhemikhali kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwempendulo.

Umthamo weebhetri ze-alkaline uphezulu kakhulu kunoweebhetri ze-carbon-zinc. Umthamo weebhetri ze-alkaline ezinobukhulu be-AA ungafikelela kwi-2000mAh - 3000mAh. I-alkaline electrolyte ayiphuculi nje kuphela umsebenzi wezinto ze-electrode kodwa ikwaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-ionic conduction, ivumela iibhetri ze-alkaline ukuba zigcine kwaye zikhuphe amandla ombane amaninzi, nto leyo eyenza zifaneleke kwizixhobo ezisebenzisa amandla amaninzi.

(3) Ukumelana Kwangaphakathi

Ukumelana kwangaphakathi yiparameter ebalulekileyo yokulinganisa ukulahleka kwebhetri ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha. Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kweebhetri ze-carbon-zinc kuphezulu kakhulu, malunga ne-0.1Ω - 0.3Ω. Ukumelana okuphezulu kwangaphakathi kuya kukhokelela ekuweni okukhulu kwevolthi ngaphakathi kwebhetri ngexesha lokukhupha amandla aphezulu, okubangela ukulahleka kwamandla. Ke ngoko, iibhetri ze-carbon-zinc azifanelekanga kwizixhobo ezifuna umbane ophezulu.

Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kweebhetri ze-alkaline kuphantsi kakhulu, malunga ne-0.05Ω – 0.1Ω. Uphawu oluphantsi lokumelana kwangaphakathi lwenza iibhetri ze-alkaline zikwazi ukugcina i-voltage ephezulu yokuphuma ngexesha lokukhupha umbane ophezulu, nto leyo enciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla. Zifanelekile ngakumbi ukuqhuba izixhobo ezinamandla aphezulu ezifana neekhamera zedijithali kunye nezinto zokudlala zombane.

(4) Ubomi beNkonzo

Ubomi benkonzo yeebhetri ze-carbon-zinc bufutshane kakhulu. Emva kokuba zigcinwe kubushushu begumbi malunga neminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kwemi-2, kuya kubakho ukwehla okukhulu kwamandla. Nokuba zingasetyenziswa, ziyazikhupha ngokwazo. Kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye nomswakama ophezulu, iibhetri ze-carbon-zinc nazo zinokuba neengxaki zokuvuza, zingcolise izixhobo.

Iibhetri ze-alkaline zihlala ixesha elide kwaye zingagcinwa kubushushu begumbi iminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10 ngesantya esiphantsi sokuzikhupha. Ukongeza, uyilo lwesakhiwo kunye neempawu ze-electrolyte zeebhetri ze-alkaline zenza ukuba zikwazi ukumelana nokuvuza, zibonelela ngenkxaso yamandla ende nezinzileyo kwizixhobo.

(5) Iindleko kunye noKhuseleko lweNdalo

Iindleko zokuvelisa iibhetri ze-carbon-zinc ziphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ixabiso lazo kwimarike liphantsi kakhulu. Zifanelekile kwizixhobo ezilula ezineemfuno zamandla aphantsi kunye nezicelo ezinobuzaza, ezifana nee-remote controls kunye neewotshi. Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri ze-carbon-zinc ziqulathe iintsimbi ezinzima ezifana ne-mercury. Ukuba azilahlwanga kakuhle emva kokuba zilahliwe, ziya kubangela ungcoliseko kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Iindleko zokuvelisa iibhetri ze-alkaline ziphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ixabiso lazo lokuthengisa nalo libiza kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri ze-alkaline azina-mercury kwaye zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yomthamo wazo ophezulu kunye nobomi benkonzo ende, ixabiso ngeyunithi yamandla ombane linokuba liphantsi kuneebhetri ze-carbon-zinc xa zisetyenziswa ixesha elide, nto leyo ezenze zifaneleke ngakumbi kwizixhobo ezisebenzisa amandla amaninzi.

III. Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa iiParamitha zobuGcisa

IV. Isiphelo

Iibhetri ze-carbon-zinc kunye neebhetri ze-alkaline nganye ineengenelo kunye neengxaki zayo ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni. Iibhetri ze-carbon-zinc zibiza kancinci kodwa zinomthamo omncinci, ubomi benkonzo bufutshane, kunye nokumelana okuphezulu kwangaphakathi. Nangona iibhetri ze-alkaline zibiza kakhulu, zineengenelo zomthamo ophezulu, ubomi benkonzo ende, ukumelana okuphantsi kwangaphakathi, kunye nobuhlobo obukhulu nokusingqongileyo. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, abasebenzisi kufuneka bakhethe ngokufanelekileyo uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwebhetri ngokweemfuno zamandla zezixhobo, ukusetyenziswa rhoqo, kunye neendleko kunye nezinto zokukhusela okusingqongileyo ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo esingcono sokusetyenziswa kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho.