Te Whakataurite i te Mahi i waenga i ngā Pūhiko Waro-Konutea me ngā Pūhiko Kawakore

I tēnei ao e whakamahia whānuitia ana e te pūngao, ko ngā pākahiko, hei wāhanga matua o ngā pūtake hiko kawe, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā taputapu hiko maha. Ko ngā pākahiko waro-konutea me ngā pākahiko kawakore, ko ngā momo pākahiko maroke tino noa, he āhuatanga hangarau me te mahi motuhake tō ia. Ka whakahaerehia e tēnei tuhinga he whakatairite hōhonu i te mahi o ngā momo pākahiko e rua, ā, ka whakaratohia he tātaritanga taipitopito me te whakamaoritanga Ingarihi o ngā tawhā hangarau matua, kia taea ai e ngā kaipānui te mārama katoa ki ō rātou rerekētanga me ngā horopaki tono.

I. Ngā Mātāpono Taketake o ngā Pūhiko

(1) Ngā Pūhiko Waro-Konutea

Ka whakamahia e ngā pākahiko waro-konutea te hauhā konutea hei irahiko pai, te konutea hei irahiko kino, me te otinga wai o te haukinia konutea, te konutea konutea rānei hei irahiko. Ko tā rātou kaupapa mahi e hangai ana ki ngā tauhohenga redox. I te wā e tukuna ana, ka pāngia te konutea i te irahiko kino e te tauhohenga waikura, ā, ka ngaro ngā irahiko. Ka rere ēnei irahiko mā te ara iahiko o waho ki te irahiko pai, ka pāngia te hauhā konutea e te tauhohenga whakaiti. I taua wā anō, ka mau tonu te taurite utu mā te hekenga o ngā katote i roto i te otinga irahiko.

(2) Ngā Pūhiko Kawakore

Ka whakamahia hoki e ngā pākahiko kawakore te konutea hei irahiko kino, me te hauhā konupora hei irahiko pai, engari ka whakamahia e rātou he wairewa wai o te pāhare pākawa hei irahiko kawakore. Ka whakarerekē te taiao kawakore i te tere tauhohenga me te ara o ngā tauhohenga matū o roto o te pākahiko. Ki te whakaritea ki ngā pākahiko waro-konutea, he pai ake te whai huatanga o ngā tauhohenga redox i roto i ngā pākahiko kawakore, ka taea ai e rātou te whakarato i te putanga hiko pumau me te roa.

II. Whakataurite Mahi

(1) Ngaohiko

Ko te ngaohiko noa o ngā pākahiko waro-konutea he 1.5V te nuinga. Ina whakamahia tuatahitia he pākahiko hou, tera pea ka paku teitei ake te ngaohiko tuturu, tata ki te 1.6V – 1.7V. I te haere tonu o te tauhohenga matū i te wā e whakamahia ana, ka heke haere te ngaohiko. Ina heke te ngaohiko ki te 0.9V pea, kua pau te pākahiko, ā, kāore e taea te whakarato i te mana whai hua mō te nuinga o ngā taputapu.

Ko te ngaohiko ingoa o ngā pākahiko kawakore he 1.5V anō hoki, ā, ko te ngaohiko tīmatanga o tētahi pākahiko hou kei te tata ki te 1.6V – 1.7V. Heoi, ko te painga o ngā pākahiko kawakore kei roto i te meka i te wā katoa o te tukanga tukunga, ka heke haere te ngaohiko. Ahakoa neke atu i te 80% o te mana e pau ana, ka taea tonu e te ngaohiko te noho ki runga ake i te 1.2V, ka whakarato i te pūtake hiko pumau ake mō ngā taputapu.

(2) Te kaha

Ko te kaha o te pākahiko ka inehia i roto i ngā hāora-mīriamita (mAh), e tohu ana i te nui o te utu hiko ka taea e te pākahiko te tuku. He iti noa te kaha o ngā pākahiko waro-konutea. Ko te kaha o ngā pākahiko waro-konutea rahi AA noa kei waenga i te 500mAh ki te 800mAh. Nā ngā āhuatanga o ō rātou rauemi electrolyte me te electrode tēnei, e whakawhāiti ana i te nui katoa o ngā matū e uru ana ki te tauhohenga matū me te whai huatanga o te tauhohenga.

He nui ake te kaha o ngā pākahiko kawakore i tō ngā pākahiko waro-konutea. Ka taea e ngā pākahiko kawakore rahi AA te eke ki te 2000mAh – 3000mAh. Ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake te electrolyte kawakore i te mahi a ngā rauemi hiko engari ka arotau hoki i te pai o te kawe hiko ionic, ka taea ai e ngā pākahiko kawakore te penapena me te tuku i te kaha hiko nui ake, kia pai ai mō ngā taputapu e kai nui ana i te kaha.

(3) Ātete ā-roto

He tawhā nui te ātete ā-roto mō te ine i te ngaronga-ā-roto o te pākahiko i te wā e tukuna ana. He tino teitei te ātete ā-roto o ngā pākahiko waro-konutea, tata ki te 0.1Ω – 0.3Ω. Mā te ātete ā-roto nui ka nui te hekenga o te ngaohiko i roto i te pākahiko i te wā e tukuna ana te iahiko nui, ka puta ai te ngaronga pūngao. Nō reira, kāore e pai ngā pākahiko waro-konutea mō ngā taputapu e hiahia ana ki te tuku hiko iahiko nui.

He iti noa te ātete ā-roto o ngā pākahiko kawakore, tata ki te 0.05Ω – 0.1Ω. Nā te iti o te āhuatanga ātete ā-roto ka taea e ngā pākahiko kawakore te pupuri i te ngaohiko putanga teitei i te wā e tukuna ana te au hiko teitei, ka whakaiti i te ngaronga pūngao. He pai ake ēnei mō te taraiwa i ngā taputapu mana nui pērā i ngā kāmera mamati me ngā taonga hiko.

(4) Te Ora Ratonga

He poto noa te roa o te ora o ngā pākahiko waro-konutea. I muri i te penapena i te pāmahana rūma mō te 1 – 2 tau, ka heke te kaha. Ahakoa kāore e whakamahia ana, ka puta te tukunga aunoa. I ngā taiao pāmahana teitei me te haumākū teitei, ka pāngia pea ngā pākahiko waro-konutea e ngā raruraru turuturu, ka waikura ai ngā taputapu.

He roa ake te wā e ora ai ngā pākahiko kawakore, ā, ka taea te penapena i te pāmahana rūma mō ngā tau 5 – 10 me te tere tukunga-ake iti iho. Hei tāpiri, ko te hoahoa hanganga me ngā āhuatanga electrolyte o ngā pākahiko kawakore ka ātete ake i te turuturu, ka roa ake te tautoko hiko me te pumau mō ngā taputapu.

(5) Te Utu me te Tiaki Taiao

He iti te utu hanga o ngā pākahiko waro-konutea, ā, he iti hoki te utu mākete. He pai ēnei mō ngā taputapu ngāwari me ngā hiahia hiko iti, me ngā tono tairongo utu, pērā i ngā mana mamao me ngā karaka. Heoi, kei roto i ngā pākahiko waro-konutea ngā konganuku taumaha pērā i te mercury. Ki te kore e maka tika i muri i te makanga, ka pāngia te taiao e te poke.

He nui te utu hanga o ngā pākahiko kawakore, ā, he nui hoki te utu hoko. Heoi, kāore he mercury i roto i ngā pākahiko kawakore, ā, he pai ake mō te taiao. Heoi anō, nā te kaha nui me te roa o te ora mahi, tera pea he iti ake te utu mō ia waeine hiko i ērā o ngā pākahiko waro-konutea ina whakamahia mō te wā roa, ā, he pai ake mō ngā taputapu e nui ana te kaha.

III. Ripanga Whakataurite o ngā Tawhā Hangarau

IV. Whakamutunga

He painga, he ngoikoretanga hoki ō ngā pākahiko waro-konutea me ngā pākahiko kawakorea mō te mahi. He iti te utu o ngā pākahiko waro-konutea engari he iti te kaha, he poto te roa o te mahi, ā, he nui te ātete ā-roto. Ahakoa he nui ake te utu o ngā pākahiko kawakorea, he painga anō ō rātou, arā, he nui te kaha, he roa te ora, he iti te ātete ā-roto, ā, he pai ake te taiao. I roto i ngā mahi whaihua, me whiriwhiri tika ngā kaiwhakamahi i te momo pākahiko e tika ana kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga mana o ngā taputapu, te auau o te whakamahinga, tae atu ki te utu me ngā āhuatanga tiaki taiao kia tutuki ai te pānga whakamahinga pai rawa atu me ngā painga ōhanga.