Hoʻohālikelike i ka hana ma waena o nā Batteri Carbon-Zinc a me nā Bateri Alkaline

I kēia au o ka ikehu o kēia wā, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pila, ma ke ʻano he kumu nui o nā kumu mana lawe lima. ʻO nā ʻoni kalapona-zinc a me nā ʻāpana alkaline, ʻo ia nā ʻano maʻamau o nā pā maloʻo, loaʻa kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻenehana kūikawā a me ka hana. E alakaʻi ana kēia ʻatikala i kahi hoʻohālikelike hohonu o ka hana ʻana o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻelua, a hāʻawi i kahi kikoʻī kikoʻī a me ka unuhi ʻōlelo Pelekania o nā palena ʻenehana koʻikoʻi, e hiki ai i ka poʻe heluhelu ke hoʻomaopopo piha i kā lākou ʻokoʻa a me nā hiʻohiʻona noi.

I. Nā Kumu Kumu o nā Bateri

(1) Nā Baʻa Carbon-Zinc

Hoʻohana nā ʻeke kalapona-zinc i ka manganese dioxide ma ke ʻano he electrode maikaʻi, zinc ma ke ʻano o ka electrode ʻino, a me kahi hopena wai o ka ammonium chloride a i ʻole zinc chloride e like me ka electrolyte. Hoʻokumu ʻia kā lākou kumu hana i nā hopena redox. I ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, loaʻa ka zinc ma ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole i ka hopena oxidation a nalowale nā ​​electrons. Ke holo nei kēia mau electrons ma ke kaapuni waho i ka electrode maikaʻi, kahi e hoʻemi ai ka manganese dioxide. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana o nā ion i ka hoʻonā electrolyte e mālama i ke kaulike uku.

(2) Nā Baʻa Alkaline

Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā pākahi alkaline i ka zinc ma ke ʻano he electrode maikaʻi ʻole a me ka manganese dioxide e like me ka electrode maikaʻi, akā hoʻohana lākou i ka wai wai o ka potassium hydroxide e like me ka electrolyte alkaline. Hoʻololi ke kaiapuni alkaline i ka wikiwiki o ka hopena a me ke ala o nā hopena kemika kūloko o ka pā. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻeke kalapona-zinc, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka redox reactions i loko o nā pihi alkaline, hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i ka mana paʻa a mau loa.

II. Hoʻohālikelike Hana

(1) Volta

He 1.5V ka nui o ka voltage nominal o nā pihi kalapona-zinc. Ke hoʻohana mua ʻia kahi pākaukau hou, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka volta maoli, ma kahi o 1.6V – 1.7V. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hopena kemika i ka wā o ka hoʻohana ʻana, e emi mālie ka uila. Ke hāʻule ka voltage ma kahi o 0.9V, pau loa ka pākaukau a ʻaʻole hiki ke hāʻawi hou i ka mana kūpono no ka hapa nui o nā polokalamu.

ʻO 1.5V hoʻi ka volta helu o nā pila alkaline, a ʻo ka volta mua o kahi pākaukau hou ma kahi o 1.6V - 1.7V. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pōmaikaʻi o nā pihi alkaline aia ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka wā o ke kaʻina hoʻokuʻu holoʻokoʻa, hāʻule mālie ko lākou mau uila. ʻOiai ma hope o ka pau ʻana o 80% o ka mana, hiki ke noho mau ka volta ma luna o 1.2V, e hāʻawi ana i ka mana paʻa paʻa no nā polokalamu.

(2) Kaha

ʻIke pinepine ʻia ka nui o ka pākaukau ma milliampere-hours (mAh), e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka pā uila i hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia. He haʻahaʻa loa ka mana o nā ʻeke kalapona-zinc. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻeke kalapona-zinc maʻamau ka nui o AA ma waena o 500mAh - 800mAh. ʻO kēia ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona o kā lākou electrolyte a me nā mea electrode, e kaupalena ana i ka nui o nā mea i komo i loko o ka hopena kemika a me ka hopena hopena.

ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mana o nā ʻāpana alkaline ma mua o nā ʻeke kalapona-zinc. Hiki ke hiki i ka 2000mAh - 3000mAh ka nui o nā ʻāpana alkaline nui AA. ʻAʻole hoʻomaikaʻi wale ka alkaline electrolyte i ka hana o nā mea electrode akā hoʻomaikaʻi pū i ka pono conduction ionic, e hiki ai i nā pā alkaline ke mālama a hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu uila hou aʻe, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i kūpono no nā mea hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe.

(3) Kū'ē Kuloko

ʻO ke kūpaʻa kūloko kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi no ke ana ʻana i ka nalowale ponoʻī o kahi pākaukau i ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana. He kiʻekiʻe ke kūpaʻa o loko o nā ʻeke kalapona-zinc, ma kahi o 0.1Ω - 0.3Ω. ʻO ke kūpaʻa kūloko kiʻekiʻe e alakaʻi i kahi hāʻule nui o ka uila i loko o ka pākaukau i ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kēia manawa, e lilo ai ka ikehu. No laila, ʻaʻole kūpono nā pākahi kalapona-zinc no nā mea pono e pono ai ka mana o kēia manawa.

He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ke kūpaʻa kūloko o nā pā alkaline, ma kahi o 0.05Ω - 0.1Ω. ʻO ke ʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kū i loko e hiki ai i nā pā alkaline ke mālama i kahi voli puka kiʻekiʻe i ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kēia manawa, e hōʻemi ana i ka nalowale o ka ikehu. Ua kūpono lākou no ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā mea mana kiʻekiʻe e like me nā kiʻi kamepiula a me nā mea pāʻani uila.

(4) Ke ola lawelawe

He pōkole ke ola lawelawe o nā ʻeke kalapona-zinc. Ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana ma ka lumi wela no kahi o 1 - 2 mau makahiki, e emi nui ana ka mana. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu iā ia iho. I loko o nā kaiapuni kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki i nā ʻeke kalapona-zinc ke loaʻa nā pilikia leakage, e ʻino ana i nā mea hana.

ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā pākika alkaline a hiki ke mālama ʻia ma ka lumi wela no 5 - 10 mau makahiki me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā a me nā hiʻohiʻona electrolyte o nā pihi alkaline e ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana i ka leakage, e hāʻawi ana i ke kākoʻo mana lōʻihi a paʻa i nā polokalamu.

(5) Ke Kumukuai a me ka Hoomalu Kaiapuni

He haʻahaʻa loa ke kumukūʻai hana o nā pākahi kalapona-zinc, a ʻo kā lākou kumu kūʻai ma ke kūʻai aku ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. Ua kūpono lākou no nā mea maʻalahi me nā koi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā noi pili kālā, e like me nā mana mamao a me nā uaki. Eia naʻe, loaʻa i nā ʻeke kalapona-zinc nā metala kaumaha e like me ka mercury. Inā ʻaʻole e hoʻokuʻu pono ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻolei ʻia ʻana, e hoʻohaumia lākou i ke kaiapuni.

He kiʻekiʻe ke kumu kūʻai o nā pila alkaline, a ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o kā lākou kūʻai aku. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe mercury a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni. Eia kekahi, ma muli o ko lākou kūlana kiʻekiʻe a me ka lōʻihi o ka lawelawe ʻana, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ka ikehu uila ma mua o nā ʻeke kalapona-zinc i ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe.

III. Papa Hoʻohālikelike o nā ʻāpana ʻenehana

IV. Ka hopena

Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pākaukau carbon-zinc a me nā pā alkaline ko lākou pono ponoʻī a me nā hemahema e pili ana i ka hana. He haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai o nā ʻeke kalapona-zinc akā he liʻiliʻi kona hiki, pōkole ke ola lawelawe, a me ke kū kūʻē kūloko kiʻekiʻe. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pila alkaline, loaʻa iā lākou nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hiki ke kiʻekiʻe, ke ola lōʻihi o ka lawelawe ʻana, ke kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa o loko, a me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni. Ma nā noi kūpono, pono nā mea hoʻohana e koho i ke ʻano kūpono o ka pākaukau e like me nā koi mana o nā hāmeʻa, ka pinepine o ka hoʻohana ʻana, a me nā kumu kūʻai a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni e hoʻokō i ka hopena hoʻohana maikaʻi loa a me nā pono waiwai.